Tissues are group of similar types of cell to perform specialised function. Animal tissues are different from plant tissues as animals need to move from one place to another in search of food, shelter and reproduction. While plants are stationary and needs to stay upright. Let’s find out difference between plants and animal tissues.
First of all, I’m going to explain plant tissues, its types and functions. Then, the animal tissues will be explained in the same manner.
Understanding plant tissues
Simply put, plants are stationary and needs to stay upright. And, plants are autotrophs. It means that they produce their own food and need not to move anywhere in search of food.
From theses specialties we can guess that plant tissues are different from that of the animal tissues.
Types and examples of plant tissues
Plants have major two types of tissues. They are Meristematic and permanent tissues. Further these two major tissues are categorised at sub levels . First, I’m going to explain meristematic tissues.
1. Meristematic plant tissues.
Meristematic tissues are very important types of tissues in plants through the perspective of reproduction and growth. These tissues have unique ability to divide continuously and in multiple times and numbers.
Obviously, these are growing tissues in which cells divide constantly into new small cells similar to them. But, it might not after the growth.
Further, Meristematic tissues are categorised into three sub types as
1.Apical meristematic
2.Lateral meristematic
3.Intercalary meristematic.
Apical meristems are present at the tip of root and shoots. They play vital role in primary vertical growth of a plant by producing first leaves called embryo leaves.
Lateral meristems are responsible for lateral growth of plants. Growth of girth of a plant is due to lateral meristematic tissues. Intercalary meristems are present at nodes.
2. Permanent plant tissues
Permanent issues are differentiated forms of the meristematic tissues. After certain growth or time period meristematic tissue lose their ability to divide into newer ones the turns into permanent tissues.
There are two subtypes of permanent tissues on the basis of differentiation they are simple and complex permanent tissues.
1.Parenchyma
2.Collenchyma
3.Sclerenchyma
a) Parenchyma tissues
These are the simple permanent tissues found below the epidermis which stores food. When some simple tissues contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis then they are called as chlorenchyma.
b) Collenchyma tissues
Another types of tissues are collenchyma and sclerenchyma. Collenchyma are flexible and help plants in bending found in leaves, stalks, tendrils and some stems of herbs.
C) Sclerenchyma tissues
On the other hand sclerenchyma are hard and stiff made up from dead cells. They are present in seeds, nuts and hard coverings of fruits.
Important types of complex permanent tissues are xylem and phloem. They are having structures of open pipes connected to each other.
3) Complex plant tissues –Xylem and Phloem
Though Complex tissues are made from different types of cells but perform the same function. Xylem are in vascular bundles to transport water and minerals from root to leaf at its top.
Functions of Phloem tissue
Unlikely to xylem, phloem transports food synthesised at the level of leaves to the root level. This is all about the plant tissues in the process of understanding plant and animal tissues. Now, let’s take an overview of animal tissues.
Explaining animal tissues -types and examples
First of all let’s begin with the types of animal tissues in the derailed manner.
Types of animal tissues
Biologically, let it be plant or animal tissues, these are group of similar types of cell to perform specialised function. Animal tissues are different from plant tissues as animals need to move from one place to another in search of food, shelter and reproduction.
Describing types and examples of animal tissues
Animals have four major types of tissues as:-
- Epithelial tissues
- Connective tissues
- Muscular tissues
- Nervous tissues
1. Epithelial animal tissues
Epithelial tissues are tightly packed continuous sheet structures.They found abundantly in animals. They cover the whole surface of body forming epidermis layer of the skin. Epithelial tissues cover muscle linings and protect organs from microorganisms and injuries.
Types of epithelial tissues
1.Simple epithelial
2.Stratified Epithelial tissue.
On the basis of layers of epithelial cell form them, they are categorised as simple epithelial and stratified epithelial tissue.
Further, simple epithelial are having three sub types on the basis of surface as apical surface, nasal surface, and lateral surface epithelial tissues .
Simple epithelial tissues play vital role in material exchange through the permeable layers of epithelial tissues. They also maintain intracellular connections.
2. Connective animal tissues
Connective tissues are having non living extra-cellular material more than the living cells. With the help of some molecules secreted by them, they do their main function of connecting different cells as well as tissues together.
Examples of connective tissues
1.Tendons,
2. Ligaments,
3. Cartilage
4. Blood
Ligaments are very elastic tissues which connect one bone with another on the other hand tendons are fibrous connective tissues joins muscles with bones. Though tendons are less flexible, yet they provide enough strength.
3. Muscular animal tissues
Muscular animal tissues are contractile tissues responsible for voluntary and non voluntary movements in the animals. Three types of muscular tissues are there.
Types of mascular tissues
- Skeletal mascular tissues
- Smooth muscular tissues
- Cardiac mascular tissues
Skeletal muscular tissues are responsible for voluntary movement of body whereas other two Smooth muscular tissues and Cardiac muscular tissues are for non voluntary movement.
4. Nervous animal tissues
This is One of the most important tissues in animals. nervous tissues are responsible for Formation of central as well as peripheral nervous system.
They form brain and spinal cord in central nervous system. There such tissues form sensory, automatic and motor nerves.
Last thought on plant and animal tissues,
So far, I have explained the types and examples of plant and animal tissues in detailed manner. For plant, Meristematic and permanent tissues are major types.
Epithelial, mascular, connective, and nervous tissues are the major types of major types of animal tissues.
Further, apical, lateral and intercalary are the subtypes of meristematic plant tissues. In case of permanent plant tissues, Parenchyma, Collenchyma tissues, Sclerenchyma tissues are the subtypes.
In animal tissues as well, there are further subdivisions I explained in detail. Not everything but I tried a lot to explain essential concepts of plant and animal tissues in this article.
Short summary of plant and animal tissues
Biologically, there are two types of tissues–plant and animal tissues.
Tissues are group of similar types of cell to perform specialised function
Simply put, plants are stationary and needs to stay upright.
And, plants are autotrophs. It means that they produce their own food and need not to move anywhere in search of food.
First, plants have two types of tissues. They are Meristematic and permanent tissues.
Further, Apical meristematic, Lateral meristematic, and Intercalary meristematic. Are subtypes of meristematic plant tissues.
Permanent plant tissues are subdivided as Parenchyma, Collenchym, and Sclerenchyma tissues.
In addition, Complex plant tissues –Xylem and Phloem important role in the growth and development of plant.
Unlike plant tissues, animal tissues are different from because of diverse functions they play.
Animal tissues are classified as Epithelial tissues Connective tissues, Muscular tissues, and Nervous tissues.
On the basis of layers of epithelial cell form them, they are categorised as simple epithelial and stratified epithelial tissue.
Tendons, Ligaments, Cartilage, and Blood are subtypes of connective tissues.
Skeletal mascular tissues, Smooth muscular tissues, Cardiac mascular tissues are examples of mascular tissues.
Solved Questions on plant and animal tissues
Finally, lets take a look at the following examples of solved questions on plant and animal tissues for further understanding.
Q. 1.What does Meristematic plant tissues mean?
Ans: Meristematic tissues are very important types of tissues in plants through the perspective of reproduction and growth. These tissues have unique ability to divide continuously and in multiple times and numbers.
Q 2. Write down the types and examples of meristematic plant tissues?
Ans: Apical, lateral, and intercalary are the types of meristematic plant tissues. Apical meristems are present at the tip of root and shoots. They play vital role in primary vertical growth of a plant by producing first leaves called embryo leaves.
Lateral meristems are responsible for lateral growth of plants. Growth of girth of a plant is due to lateral meristematic tissues. Intercalary meristems are present at nodes.
Q. 3. What is the function of Xylem and Phloem?
Ans: Xylem are in vascular bundles to transport water and minerals from root to leaf at its top. Unlikely to xylem, phloem transports food synthesised at the level of leaves to the root level.
Q. 4. Explain Epithelial animal tissues?
Ans: Epithelial tissues are tightly packed continuous sheet structures.They found abundantly in animals.
They cover the whole surface of body forming epidermis layer of the skin. Epithelial tissues cover muscle linings and protect organs from microorganisms and injuries.
Q. 5. Describe the types of connective tissues?
Ans: Ligaments, tendons, fibrous, cartilage and blood are subtypes of connective tissues. Ligaments are very elastic tissues which connect one bone with another.
On the other hand, tendons are fibrous connective tissues joins muscles with bones. Though tendons are less flexible, yet they provide enough strength.
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