Among the three Sociological perspectives, Symbolic interactionism is a sociological perspective that focuses on the role of symbols and communication in shaping social interactions and the construction of meaning. It is a theory that emphasizes the importance of understanding how individuals interpret and give meaning to their social interactions and the symbols they encounter in their daily lives. So, let’s begin understanding Symbolic Interactionism in Sociology.
Understanding Symbolic Interactionism in sociology as Sociological perspective
Symbolic interactionism is a gift of American school of sociology in general, and Chicago school of sociology in perticular. It focuses on the relations or interactions people have with each other in society. They interact with the subjective meanings society assigned to the symbols or objects that culturally derived.
At its core, symbolic interactionism suggests that people act based on the meanings they attribute to things, rather than simply reacting to objective reality. It argues that individuals actively construct their own realities through their interactions with others and the symbols they encounter.
Assigned meanings to symbols
According to symbolic interactionism, meaning is not inherent in objects or actions; it is socially constructed through the interpretive processes of individuals. For example, a red traffic light only carries meaning because we have collectively agreed that it symbolizes the need to stop. Without this shared understanding, the traffic light would be just another colored light.
Role of language and communication
Symbolic interactionism also emphasizes the role of language and communication in shaping social interactions. It suggests that language is not just a tool for conveying information, but a means of creating and maintaining social reality. Through language, individuals negotiate and construct shared meanings, which in turn shape their behavior and social interactions.
Micro-level interactions
This sociological perspective is particularly interested in the micro-level interactions between individuals and how they contribute to the formation of social structures and institutions. It looks at how individuals interpret and respond to symbols and gestures, and how these interpretations shape their behavior and the larger social order.
Proponents of Symbolic Interactionism
Several prominent sociologists have contributed to the development of symbolic interactionism. One of the key figures is George Herbert Mead, who argued that human beings develop a sense of self through social interaction and the interpretation of symbols. Mead’s work laid the foundation for the symbolic interactionist perspective.
Another important figure in the field is Erving Goffman, who focused on the presentation of self in everyday life. Goffman viewed social interactions as a series of performances, where individuals actively manage their impressions and engage in impression management techniques to shape how others perceive them.
The Role of Symbolic Interactionism
Symbolic interactionism plays a crucial role in understanding social reality. It highlights the importance of shared meanings and symbols in shaping our understanding of the world and our interactions with others. Through language and communication, individuals create and interpret symbols that give meaning to their experiences and guide their behavior.
Symbolic interactionism also emphasizes the role of socialization in shaping individuals’ sense of self and identity. It recognizes that our beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors are not innate but are learned through social interactions with others. Our sense of self is constantly evolving and is influenced by the feedback and responses we receive from others.
Furthermore, symbolic interactionism sheds light on the construction of social roles and social institutions. It highlights how individuals negotiate and interpret the expectations and meanings associated with different roles, such as being a parent, a teacher, or a friend. These roles are not fixed or predetermined but are socially constructed and subject to negotiation and interpretation.
Conclusion,
Symbolic interactionism is a sociological perspective that focuses on the symbolic meanings that individuals create and rely upon in their social interactions. It highlights the role of symbols, language, and communication in shaping social reality. By understanding the shared meanings and symbols that guide our interactions, we can gain insights into how individuals construct their sense of self, navigate social roles, and interpret the world around them.Is Sociology a Science or Discipline?/Sociological Perspectives in sociology
Micro Sociologist George Simmel
Meaning and examples of perspective
Important references: