Human body functions with the interlinked structure of eight organ systems like nervous, skeletal, muscle, digestive, respiratory, reproductive, excretory, and circulatory systems. So, proper growth and development of given organism depends upon the coordinated network of systems and theirs healthy functioning. Here, I’m going to explain in detail the structure and functioning of circulatory system of human body.
Defination of circulatory system in human body
Blood circulatory system of human body is also known as cardiovascular system which is a sophisticated network of organs, blood, and blood vessels. This system exchanges deoxygenated blood with oxygenated blood in a rhythmic manner uninterrupted.
Circulatory system (Cs) of human body supplies oxygenated blood to the whole body organs by the means of system of systematic arrangement of parts and organs such as four chamber, pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein, vena cava hepatic, renal, coronary arteries, viens, two valves and so on.
Understanding Structure of blood circulatory system of human body
This system (Cs)is divided into two parts. Right section, especially of heart, covers parts and veins caries deoxygenated blood whereas, other left side includes parts and arteries carrying and supplying oxygenated blood in the body.
In the right side or part of heart, Superior vena cava and inferior vena cava, renal, hepatic vein, pulmonary artery, right atrium and right ventricles function to receive deoxygenated blood. And, thereafter it pumps by the means of right ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation.
On the other hand, left atrium and left ventricles, pulmonary veins, aorta, hepatic, coronary and renal artries are involved in receiving and supplying blood by the means of aorta and other capillaries system of artery is to the whole body.
Besides there are two valves such as tricuspate valve and bicuspate valve to control backflow of blood from ventricles at the time of pumping. Among two, tricuspate valve controls backflow of blood diverted in right ventricle from atrium. In the left ventricles, it is bicuspate valve that plays the same role.
Human heart key facts
Heart, a biological pumping machine, plays important role in the receiving and pumping blood to the whole body in rythemic manner.
In the terms of general information, human heart is around 250g – 350g. It beats approximately 96k to 100k times in a day. And, It pumps 5000 gallens of blood in a single day including both oxygenated and deoxygenated.
What does deoxygenated blood mean?
You might have learnt about respiration. In the process of cellular respiration, tiny fundamental unit uses oxygen to produce energy in the mitochondria. As we know that haemoglobin which is biomolecule made of haem and globin protein.
Haemoglobin is specialised in forming affinity with oxygen, so it carries oxygen right from alveoli in lungs to the site of respiration.
Once the process of respiration is over, haemoglobin carries carbon dioxide (CO2) due to more affinity compare to oxygen. In this way, deoxygenated blood makes its move to the vena cava of the right side of heart.
Deoxygenated blood remains in veins after cellular respiration in the cell organelle like “mitochondrial”. Such blood is received in right atrium by the means of superior and inferior vena cava from toe to head of body.
In this way, once the deoxygenated blood is received in right atrium it is diverted in right ventricle through tricuspate valve to pump in the pulmonary artery for the purification in the lungs.
Blood purification in lungs
As I already explained earlier that blood becomes oxygenated in the lungs, gets back from pulmonary vein to left atrium for the supply. For your understanding, lungs is so vital in the adding oxygen to the RBC, by removing carbon dioxide ( CO2) and other products from blood.
As a result, blood stored in the left atrium diverted to the left ventricles for final pumping from the heart to aorta.
Thickness and thinness of human heart
Psychologically, heart in the circulatory system of human body is made of muscle cells and tissues. But, its structure and composition isn’t uniform. The thickness of heart organ is vary from chamber to chamber, right atrium and ventricles are thinner compare to left because of pressure to supply blood to the whole body. Moreover, ventricles are more thicker compare to respective atriums.
Describing aorta, veins and arteries
What does aorta means?
Aorta is the large blood vessel that carry blood from left ventricles; and pumps oxygenated blood by the means of varies artries. It is connected with left ventricles in the left heart. Whole human body gets supply from aorta through different arteries.
Hepatic artery and veins
Among the system of arteries, hepatic artery to know to supply oxygenated blood to the liver, pancreas, gallbladder, small intestine and stomach. And at the same time, hepatic vein takes deoxygenated blood from same organs to the inferior vena cava.
Apart from hepatic artery and vein, hepatic portal vein receives and carries to the liver. Liver processes nutrient in blood detox it. In simple terms, hepatic portal vein takes blood from digestive tract and carries to liver for purification, detox and so on.
Renal left and right arteries
Like liver, kidneys receive oxygenated blood from heart or aorta. Renal means related to kidney. There are two types of renal arteries. Left renal artery supplies blood to left kidney, whereas, right renal artery supplies blood to right kidney. Kidneys filters blood waste products, and other excess fluid from blood. All the waste excreted three urine.
Second, renal veins drains blood from kidneys. The remained blood doesn’t have oxygen. So, such blood is send to the inferior vena cava for further process. Here as well, there are two renal veins. One drains left kidney and second right.
Coronary artery and vein
Third, there is coronary artery and vein. Similar to other arteries, coronary artery also takes blood from aorta, large blood vessel of heart. It supplies oxygenated blood to the myocardium or heart tissues. This is very essential for the proper functioning of heart itself.
Similarly like other veins, coronary veins drain blood from myocardium tissues of heart and carry to the vena cava. For layman’s understanding, heart is muscular organ and is made of cardiomyocytes cells.
Understanding constituent of blood
Blood is the core constituent of the circulatory system of human body and others. It moves through arteries and veins of the body to enrich cells, tissues. As per composition, it is made of RBC, WBC, platelets, and plasma.
As I explained earlier that RBC cells carry oxygen with haemoglobin for respiration. WBC cells build immune system of body. Platelets are cell fragments play the role of blood clotting. And, plasma includes everything water, nutrients, waste, proteins, ions etc.
Food we eat have huge bearing on the nature of blood. More than 50 percent of blood is made from plasma.
This is all about the circulatory system of human body that nourishes each and every cells and tissues by providing required nutrients. Apart from heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, stomach, pancreas gallbladder, duodenum play important role.
Key takeaways of blood circulatory system of human body
Hereon, I’m going to present short summary of circulatory system of human body. Just take a look at the following points.
1.Circulatory system is one of the vital organ systems of human body.
2.Heart plays pivotal role in pumping blood to the whole body. It is coordinated with complex network of arteries and veins.
3.Heart pumps 5000 gallons of blood each day. It beats approximately 96 thousands times in the same duration. An average, it is around 250 to 350g.
4.Right chambers like atrium and ventricles receive deoxygenated blood from vena cava.
5.Left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from lungs and pumps to the whole body.
6.Pulmonary artery takes blood away from right ventricle to the lungs. Whereas, pulmonary vein takes oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium.
7.Tricuspate valve is located between right atrium and ventricles plays role in controlling back flow of blood while pumping.
8.Bicuspate valve does same function on the left side.
9.Aorta is the large blood vessel that carry oxygenated blood from heart and supplies to the whole body.
10.It is connected with left ventricles to the various arteries like hepatic, renel, coronary etc.
11.Blood is the most important component of circulatory system of human body.
12.Platelets, RBC, WBC, plasma are key constituents of blood. Plasma constitutes 55 percent of blood while platelets and cells share remained.
13.Lungs, kidneys, liver play important role in circulatory system of human body.
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